Can STIs cause problems with fertility?
Many sexually transmitted infections (or STI's) can show no symptoms and remain undiagnosed for years, putting your fertility (or your partner’s fertility) at risk without your knowledge.
Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis are examples of STI's that can have an impact on fertility.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection, most common in people aged 25 or younger. Because there are often no symptoms, it can be undiagnosed for a long time. However, if it’s not treated it can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which will lead to problems with fertility in women because it can damage hairs along the fallopian tubes, resulting in scarring and possible blockages. It may still be possible to fall pregnant in this situation, but there’s also an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Chlamydia can also affect male fertility, causing problems with the testicles and sperm.
Gonorrhoea
This bacterial infection can affect the vagina, urethra, rectum and penis. It can also affect the mouth if passed on through oral sex. Because you may experience no symptoms at all, it’s possible to unknowingly carry and pass on the infection.
If gonorrhoea isn’t treated it can lead to future fertility problems in both men and women. Along with Chlamydia, it is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancy. For men, if the bacteria spreads up the urethra it can affect the prostate and epididymis.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial STI that can be easily treated with antibiotics, but can cause serious problems to a fetus during pregnancy. It can lead to an increased risk of miscarriage or congenital abnormalities.
